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Injury Pattern

No injury

Cerebral injury with headache; dizziness; no loss of consciousness

“Whiplash” complaint with no anatomical or radiological evidence

Abrasio and contusion of the ocular apparatus;vitreous or retinal hemorrhage

Cerebral injury with or without skull fracture, less than 15 minutes unconsciousness

Undisplaced skull or facial bone fractures or compound fracture of the nose

Laceration of the eye and apppendage; retinal detachment

“Whiplash” with severe complaints with anatomical or radiological evidence

Cerebral injury with or without skull fracture, more than 15 minutes unconsciousness; no neurologic signs

Displaced closed skull fractures without signs of intracranial injuries

Loss of eye or avulsion of the optic nerve

Displaced facial bone fractures or those with antral or orbital involvement

Cervical spine fractures without cord damage

Cerebral injury with or without skull fracture or abnormal neurological signs

Compound skull fracture

Cerebral injury with intracranial hemorrhage; signs of increased intracranial pressure; pupil inequality

Cervical spine injury with quadriplegia

Major airway obstruction

Fatal injury – unsurvivable

No injury

Muscle ache or chest was stiffness

Simple rib or sternal fractures

Major contusion of the chest wall without hemothorax or pneumothoras or respiratory embarassment

Multiple rib fractures without respiratory embarassment

Hemothorax or pneumothorax

Rupture of the diagram

Lung confusion

Open chest wound

Flail chest

Pheumomendiastinum; pericardal injuries

Myocardial contusion (ECG changes)

Chest injuries with respiratory embarrassment; laceration of the trachea or hemomediastinum

Aortic laceration

Myocardial rupture or confusion with circulatory embarrassment

Fatal lesion of th aorta or myocard

No injury

Muscle ache; seat belt abrasion

Major contusion of abdominal

Contusion of the abdominal organs

Extraperitoneal bladder rupture

Retroperitoneal hemorrhage

Avulsion of the ureter

Laceration of the uretra

Thoracic or lumbar spine fractures without neurological involvement

Minor laceration of intraabdominal organs (spleen, kidney, pancreas)

Intraperitoneal bladder rupture

Avulsion of the genitals

Thoracic and/or lumbar spine fractures with neurologic deficits

Repture, avulsion or severe laceration of intraabdominal vessels or organs

Fatal inujuries of intraabdominal vessel or organs

No injury

Minor sprains and fractures and / or dislocations of digits

Undisplaced long bone of pelvic fractures

Major sprains of major joints

Displaced long bone fractures or multiple hand or foot fractures

Single open long bone fracture

Pelvic fracture with displacement

Dislocation of the major joints

Amputation of the digits

Laceration of the major nerves or vessels of extremities

Multiple closed long bone fractures

Amputation of the limb

Multiple open limp fractures

No injury

Minor laceration, confusion and abrasio

Extensive confusion; abrasion; large laceration

Burns of 10-20% body surface 2 degrees or 3 degrees

Extensive contusion; abrasion; large laceration on more than two extremities

Burns of 20-30% body surface 2 degrees or 3 degrees

Severe laceration and dangerous hemorrhage

Burns of 30-50% body surface 2 degrees or 3 degrees

Burns of more than 50% body surface 2 degrees or 3 degrees

Hemorrhage

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) Stable (GRADE l)

Blood Units Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Lactate Levels Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Coagulopathy

Any sign of coagulopathy

Hypothermia

Temperature

Soft Tissue Injuries

Severe brain injury (AIS ≥ 3)
Chest trauma scores; AIS

Abdominal trauma
Pelvic Trauma (AO class) AO Type A, YB LC

External (AIS) (e.g. abrasion)

Age

Age over 70 years? Stable (GRADE l)

Final Report

ISS:0

Recommendation